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The secret of how Greenland sharks can live cancer-free for 400 years

We are starting to understand how Greenland sharks can live for centuries without commonly developing tumours

By Chris Simms

4 March 2025

A Greenland shark photographed near the seabed

A Greenland shark photographed near the seabed

dotted zebra/Alamy

A genomic study may have revealed how Greenland sharks live for centuries and yet rarely get cancer.

These sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) are slow-moving dwellers of the deep that can reach more than 6 metres long and weigh over a tonne. We know little about their lives because they roam in dark, cold waters, but it is thought they don鈥檛 reach sexual maturity until they are 150 years old and their lifespan has been estimated at about , making them the longest-living vertebrates that we know of.

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