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Health

Why viewing cancer as an ecosystem could lead to better treatments

Researchers have come to see cancers as akin to organisms, existing in complex ecosystems and subject to evolutionary pressures. Now they are targeting cancer’s ability to adapt

By Jasmin Fox-Skelly

22 May 2024

FGJJJ1 T lymphocytes and cancer cell. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of T lymphocyte cells (smaller round cells) attached

A cancer cell and two immune cells

STEVE GSCHMEISSNER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Alamy

Cancer is a disease, or group of diseases, in which some cells proliferate uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. But that description doesn’t reflect how our conception of cancer has changed, says at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. “People used to view cancer as sort of bad luck: the cancer would just change over time and we didn’t really understand why, or how, or what was driving those changes.”

In the past few years, however, Pienta and others have come to see cancers…

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