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Mind

A revolutionary new understanding of autism in girls

By studying the brains of autistic girls, we now know the condition presents differently in them than in boys, suggesting that huge numbers of women have gone undiagnosed

By Gina Rippon

31 March 2025

×îÐÂÂé¶¹ÊÓÆµ. Science news and long reads from expert journalists, covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment on the website and the magazine.

Daniel Stolle

In China, it is known as “the lonely disease”. The Japanese term translates as “intentionally shut”. Across the world, there is a perception of autistic people as aloof, socially awkward and isolated, seeming to not only lack the kind of automatic social instinct that enables successful interaction, but also the desire to achieve it. There is also a perception that autistic people tend to be men.

For decades, researchers – myself included – have thought of autism as a predominantly male condition. The more we studied boys and men, the clearer the picture of autism that emerged – or so we thought.

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