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Gripping story reveals race to crack world's oldest script, cuneiform

Cuneiform, the oldest identified writing system, defied deciphering – until 1857. What happened then makes a terrific read, in Joshua Hammer's The Mesopotamian Riddle

By Michael Marshall

9 April 2025

Complete terracotta prismoid, in octagonal form, eight columns of inscription, historical inscription of Tiglathpileser I, describing his campaigns and buildings. ? The Trustees of the British Museum

A close-up shot of the cuneiform script on an ancient column (below)

The Trustees of the British Museum


Joshua Hammer (Simon & Schuster)

What does it take to decipher an extinct writing system? If Joshua Hammer’s new book The Mesopotamian Riddle: An archaeologist, a soldier, a clergyman, and the race to decipher the world’s oldest writing is anything to go by, the main requirements are some ethically dubious archaeological digs and a lot of rampaging testosterone.

The book is Hammer’s account of the deciphering of cuneiform, the oldest known writing system. Cuneiform was invented in around 3400 BC in Mesopotamia. It was used for…

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